空氣源熱泵工作原理

近兩年(nian)，隨著國家政(zheng)策導向，空氣源(yuan)熱泵可以說(shuo)火遍大江南北，但又有多少(shao)人了解空氣源(yuan)熱泵工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)呢？如果(guo)您認(ren)真的學習看完下面的內容，完全(quan)可以將(jiang)空氣源(yuan)熱泵的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)了如指掌。

相(xiang)信很(hen)多(duo)(duo)人都(dou)聽過空氣源(yuan)熱(re)泵能效比是(shi)4.0，這(zhe)4.0意(yi)味(wei)著(zhu)什么？這(zhe)4.0意(yi)味(wei)著(zhu)投入一(yi)份(fen)電(dian)量可以獲得4份(fen)熱(re)量。相(xiang)信很(hen)多(duo)(duo)人心中(zhong)是(shi)有(you)疑惑(huo)的(de)，不是(shi)說能量守恒定(ding)律么，投入一(yi)份(fen)電(dian)量最多(duo)(duo)也就產生一(yi)份(fen)熱(re)量。這(zhe)里有(you)一(yi)個誤區，空氣源(yuan)熱(re)泵工(gong)作原(yuan)理的(de)本質是(shi)“搬運”原(yuan)理，而不是(shi)傳統的(de)意(yi)義的(de)“電(dian)加熱(re)”。

空氣源(yuan)熱泵系統有四大(da)核心部件。壓縮機，冷凝器，節能裝置(zhi)，蒸發器。

空氣源熱泵工作原理

低(di)壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)態(tai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質進(jin)(jin)入壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機后(hou)，再(zai)經過壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)成為高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)氣(qi)體，這時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質沸點隨壓(ya)(ya)力(li)升高(gao)一(yi)起升高(gao)，高(gao)沸點的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質進(jin)(jin)入冷凝器開始液化，工(gong)(gong)(gong)質放出熱(re)量(liang)(liang)，失去熱(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質變成液體。然后(hou)經過節(jie)流裝置(zhi)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)入蒸(zheng)(zheng)發器，節(jie)流裝置(zhi)又使工(gong)(gong)(gong)質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)降低(di)，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)降低(di)后(hou)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質在蒸(zheng)(zheng)發器中(zhong)又開始蒸(zheng)(zheng)發，這時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質又吸收(shou)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)，又變為低(di)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)氣(qi)體，再(zai)進(jin)(jin)入壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機，冷媒就這樣一(yi)直(zhi)循(xun)環，這個就是空氣(qi)源熱(re)泵工(gong)(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)。

在這(zhe)里面(mian)，空氣(qi)源熱泵的工作步驟：壓(ya)縮(suo)機，等熵過(guo)程(cheng)：低溫(wen)低壓(ya)—壓(ya)縮(suo)—高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)氣(qi)體；冷凝器(qi)(qi)， 等壓(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)：高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)氣(qi)體-放(fang)熱-中溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)液(ye)體；節流裝置，等焓過(guo)程(cheng)：中溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)液(ye)體-節流-低溫(wen)低壓(ya)氣(qi)液(ye)混合(he)物；蒸發器(qi)(qi)，等壓(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)：低溫(wen)低壓(ya)氣(qi)液(ye)混合(he)物-吸熱-低溫(wen)低壓(ya)氣(qi)體。

空氣源熱泵機組工作原理

低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣態冷(leng)媒(mei)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機，經(jing)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)高溫(wen)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣體(ti)，這時(shi)冷(leng)媒(mei)沸點隨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力的升高而升高。高沸點的冷(leng)媒(mei)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)冷(leng)凝器(qi)開始(shi)液(ye)化(hua)，這時(shi)冷(leng)媒(mei)放出熱(re)量(liang)，變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)體(ti)。接下來在進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)蒸發器(qi)前(qian)先經(jing)過(guo)膨脹閥(fa)（節(jie)流閥(fa)），膨脹閥(fa)（節(jie)流閥(fa)）又(you)使冷(leng)媒(mei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力降低(di)(di)(di)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力降低(di)(di)(di)的冷(leng)媒(mei)在蒸發器(qi)中(zhong)又(you)開始(shi)蒸發，這時(shi)冷(leng)媒(mei)吸收熱(re)量(liang)，又(you)變(bian)為(wei)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的氣體(ti)。再次進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機，整個(ge)冷(leng)媒(mei)循環系統就(jiu)這樣形成(cheng)(cheng)。

簡而(er)言(yan)之，空(kong)(kong)氣能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)原理就是由壓(ya)縮機(ji)系統(tong)(tong)內的(de)低溫(wen)(wen)冷媒不斷吸收室(shi)外空(kong)(kong)氣中的(de)低品位(wei)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)，帶回(hui)壓(ya)縮機(ji)提(ti)升為(wei)可(ke)用的(de)高品位(wei)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)加熱(re)(re)冷水(shui)。空(kong)(kong)氣能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)與空(kong)(kong)調的(de)制熱(re)(re)原理是一樣，只是產品配置上(shang)有所區別，空(kong)(kong)氣能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)水(shui)器(qi)(qi)主要用于制熱(re)(re)燒水(shui)，加大了蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)和冷凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)的(de)換熱(re)(re)面積，采用耐(nai)高溫(wen)(wen)耐(nai)高壓(ya)的(de)壓(ya)縮機(ji)系統(tong)(tong)。

熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)把(ba)低(di)(di)(di)溫低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)轉換(huan)成(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)溫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮功能轉化的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能為Q1，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)與水(shui)進行熱(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換(huan)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)在常溫下被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝為液態。這(zhe)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)放出熱(re)(re)(re)能用來(lai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)，使水(shui)升溫變(bian)成(cheng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)。水(shui)吸(xi)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能為Q3，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)液態冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)通過膨脹閥減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下降，回到比(bi)外界低(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)，具有吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。低(di)(di)(di)溫低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液態冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)經過蒸(zheng)(zheng)發器(qi)（空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)）吸(xi)收空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能自身蒸(zheng)(zheng)發，由液態變(bian)為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)吸(xi)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能為Q2。吸(xi)收了熱(re)(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)變(bian)成(cheng)低(di)(di)(di)溫低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，再由壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)吸(xi)入進行壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮，如此往復循環，不斷(duan)地從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)，而在水(shui)側(ce)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)放熱(re)(re)(re)，制取(qu)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)。這(zhe)個循環過程(cheng)由空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)（主機(ji)(ji)）機(ji)(ji)組來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)作為高(gao)效集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)并轉移熱(re)(re)(re)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統裝置，可以把(ba)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)所消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)電力(li)變(bian)為比(bi)電熱(re)(re)(re)多4~6倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能（即(ji)Q1+Q2=Q3的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理）。